Protein translation is the process by which cells synthesize proteins based on the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA). It is a key cellular process that involves the translation of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein. This process involves ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and various protein factors that work together to ensure accurate and efficient translation. Protein translation plays a crucial role in cell function and is essential for the synthesis of all proteins in an organism. Misregulation of protein translation can lead to various diseases, making it an important area of research in molecular biology and medicine.